THE concept of critical pedagogy was put forward by Brazilian educator Paulo Freire in his book Pedagogy of the Oppressed. He discussed in detail how educational institutions are taking critical thinking for granted and producing students whose critical consciousness is diminished.

Most of Pakistan’s educational institutions follow the ‘banking model of education’, a system in which students are considered empty vessels to be filled with knowledge by teachers.

It may seem to be fine at first glance, but it stifles the students’ critical thinking ability in the long run and prevents them from making their own decisions.

On the other hand, critical pedagogy is more beneficial to students and teachers alike. It is a teaching-and-learning approach based on interactive sessions. The system helps students get involved in discussions and debates and they are free to question the norms, find solutions to existing problems and become aware citizens. Besides, critical pedagogy emphasises integrating social problems, social injustice and power relations in the curricula.

Schools in Pakistan critically need to implement this teaching philosophy. The government should also ensure that teachers are properly trained and the textbooks are developed in such a way that they are more relatable to the real world.

Awais Raza Memon
Hyderabad

Published in Dawn, February 3rd, 2022