WASHINGTON: Cystic fibrosis was once a dire, likely deadly diagnosis, destroying a patient’s ability to breathe and digest food — but a revolutionary new treatment offers reason for hope.

And on Thursday the three scientists who developed the clinical advance were awar­ded America’s most prestigious scient­ific award, taking home the Lasker prize.

The top honor is frequently cited as a pre-cursor for a potential Nobel, and this year it recognized the pulmonologist Michael Welsh along with researchers Jesus Gon­zalez and Paul Negulescu from the US laboratory Vertex.

Their research has shed light on the causes of the disease and given rise to a new class of innovative drugs, including the flagship treatment Kaftrio — known as Trikafta in the United States — which are capable of stabilizing the otherwise debilitating condition.

“It’s unbelievable. It’s better than I ever hoped,” Welsh said. “You see these kids and they look healthy and they’re not coughing. They’re running around and playing.” “I almost can’t believe it. Then they go, and they’re getting married and they’re having kids, and they’re getting on with their lives.” That reality stands in sharp contrast to Welsh’s memories from the early days of his career, when a cystic fibrosis diagnosis was a likely death sentence in childhood or adolescence.

The new award-winning treatment has been hailed as “revolutionary” by patient advocacy organisations. It works by addressing the underlying causes of the inherited dis­ease — which wreaks havoc on the lungs and digestive system — rather than its symptoms.

‘Not totally broken’

Some 100,000 people worldwide are estimated to suffer from cystic fibrosis, in which sticky mucus builds up in the lungs, digestive tract and other parts of the body.

After the 1989 discovery of the CFTR gene — whose mutation was identified as the cause of the disease — Welsh began dissecting the problem with fellow researchers.

“We thought, if we understand how CFTR works, we have a chance of fixing it,” he said. Gaining a better understanding of how the protein that the gene codes for led the pulmonologist down a path seeking how genetic mutations impaired its function.

Welsh identified two major anomalies caused by the most common mutation: a trapping of sorts of the protein within the cell, and its reduced performance.

The medical breakthrough resulted from experiments, notably some that showed how lowering temperature could help release the trapped protein. “That meant it was not totally broken,” Welsh remembered enthusiastically.

Armed with these discoveries, the Ame­rican Cystic Fibrosis Foundation then appr­oached researchers Gonzalez and Negulescu, who began studying the possibility of chemically reversing the identified malfunctions.

‘Panning for gold’

The notion of gene therapy — which would aim to directly reverse the gene mutations — had seemed on paper to be the simplest route. But when it didn’t work as hoped, patient organizations began to explore other options. Gonzalez developed an innovative research technique using dyes that allowed for testing thousands of chemical compounds in record times. “Without the screening, we would never have found these molecules,” he said. It was process akin to “panning for gold,” recalled Negulescu.

Published in Dawn, September 12th, 2025