THE sharp rise in cybercrime in Pakistan, discussed in the National Assembly last week, shows that what was once an occasional nuisance has evolved into a pervasive threat, affecting citizens’ finances, reputations and even liberty. With the National Cyber Crime Investigation Agency receiving more than 150,000 complaints in a single year, the scale of the problem is stark. Lawmakers drew attention to scams that have become depressingly familiar: fake traffic challans, messages by fraudulent entities masquerading as banks and phishing attempts exploiting public trust. Even the NA Speaker said he had received such messages. More alarming, however, were revelations that some individuals who engaged with fake online communications later found themselves entangled in blasphemy or anti-state cases. Pakistan’s experience mirrors global trends. Global research highlights how cybercrime now encompasses not only financial theft but also harassment, stalking, coercive control, misinformation and radicalisation. Motivations range from monetary gain to political manipulation. As digital technologies entrench themselves, the opportunities for misuse multiply — faster than the laws and institutions can respond.

The interior ministry’s claim that reforms are being introduced in the NCCIA is encouraging, as are directives to telecom companies to strengthen SIM issuance processes. Yet institutional tinkering will not suffice. Pakistan’s cyber laws require serious updating to tackle new forms of digital harm and the increasingly sophisticated tactics used by criminals. This overhaul must be undertaken with care. Cybercrime laws should not become tools to stifle free expression, criminalise dissent or widen the net of vague offences. The history of digital regulation in Pakistan offers ample reason for caution. Protecting citizens from online crime is a legitimate and urgent state responsibility. But it must be pursued through precise laws, transparent enforcement and respect for fundamental rights. The rising tide of cybercrime demands thoughtful reform, not overreach.

Published in Dawn, January 19th, 2026