AS smog continues to shroud parts of Pakistan, an Ipsos survey highlights the scope of this environmental hazard. With eight out of 10 citizens experiencing smog in the past month, its impact is inescapable. Urban hubs like Lahore and Multan bear the brunt, indicating the need in particular for interventions in densely populated areas. The toll of smog is extensive, with 68pc of respondents citing health issues such as cough, breathing difficulties, and flu-like symptoms. Beyond physical health, the survey reveals significant disruptions to daily life — ranging from children’s education to workplace productivity. Public perceptions about the causes of smog are telling. Vehicle emissions (70pc), industrial pollution (63pc), and waste burning (37pc) dominate the list, with 19pc attributing the phenomenon to divine wrath. Respondents believe a lack of public cooperation (44pc) and weak law enforcement (37pc) are the primary barriers preventing smog mitigation. Interestingly, the survey found that three in five people were satisfied with their provincial government’s approaches to battling smog. However, satisfaction decreased among the more educated, raising concerns about the relevance and effectiveness of these strategies.

While short-term steps like lockdowns, vehicle bans, and even cloud seeding have provided temporary relief, they fail to address the root causes of air pollution. Lahore’s recent rainfall has done little to prevent the smog’s return or mitigate its health impacts. Encouragingly, Pakistanis are willing to be part of the solution. A striking 89pc of vehicle owners expressed readiness to repair and certify their vehicles to curb emissions. Yet, reliance on individual goodwill alone will not suffice. The government must lead by example, enforcing stricter environmental rules and incentivising green practices. Policies such as mandatory vehicle inspections and promoting renewable energy could catalyse change. Relocating industries, enforcing Euro-V fuel standards, and integrating electric buses by mid-2025 are positive steps but need faster implementation. Expanding urban green cover and boosting air quality monitoring networks must complement these efforts. Successful public health campaigns have shown that political will is paramount. Policymakers must prioritise a year-round approach involving regional cooperation as pollution knows no borders. Besides, enhancing healthcare access is essential. Ultimately, tackling smog requires a collective effort. Citizens must adopt greener habits, while authorities should ensure transparency in their actions. This is not just about clearing the skies; it is about safeguarding Pakistan’s health, economy, and future.

Published in Dawn, November 30th, 2024