THE global superbug crisis — the rise of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics — is a ticking time bomb. A recent investigation by The Bureau of Investigative Journalism reveals the devastating impact it can have, with studies highlighting a potential death toll of 10m people annually by 2050.

Pakistan is particularly vulnerable to the rise of drug-resistant bacteria, partly due to the widespread and unregulated use of antibiotics. Antibiotics are often sold over the counter without a prescription, allowing people to self-medicate without understanding the consequences.

Even when administered by healthcare professionals, antibiotics are sometimes prescribed without proper diagnostics, such as blood tests to determine whether the infection is bacterial. In many cases, doctors prescribe antibiotics for viral infections — where they are completely ineffective — further fuelling the rise of antibiotic resistance.

In Pakistan, where healthcare systems are strained, the surge in superbugs poses a significant threat. Patients infected with drug-resistant bacteria require more extensive and expensive treatments, placing an additional burden on an already overburdened healthcare system.

Addressing this crisis requires urgent action from multiple fronts. Public awareness campaigns are critical in educating people about the dangers of antibiotic misuse. Many individuals are unaware that taking the drugs for viral infections, like the flu, is not only ineffective but harmful, contributing to resistance. Campaigns should promote the importance of completing prescribed antibiotic courses to prevent the survival of partially resistant bacteria. There should be stricter regulations on the sale and prescription of antibiotics.

The rampant over-the-counter availability of antibiotics must be curbed to prevent further misuse. Additionally, healthcare providers need to be trained in responsible antibiotic prescribing practices. Doctors must avoid prescribing the drugs unless there is clear evidence of a bacterial infection.

By addressing the misuse of antibiotics and promoting responsible prescribing practices, Pakistan can take crucial steps to mitigate the threat of drug-resistant bacteria. A coordinated effort involving public awareness, regulatory action and healthcare reform is essential to avert a looming public health disaster.

Published in Dawn, September 10th, 2024