The sport of exploring caves is called spelunking

Especially in Canada and the United States, the sport of exploring caves is called spelunking. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, it is called potholing, while the rest of the world knows it as caving. It is often categorised as an “extreme sport” even though enthusiasts do not consider it so. On the other hand, speleology is the scientific study of caves.

Some caves have no entrances

Some caves have no entrances, making most of them unexplored. According to experts, even though entrance less caves are difficult to spot, some might be just 50 metres below your standing surface. People have often made entrances to such areas through drilling and other feasible methods.

Mammoth cave is the world’s longest-known cave

While Son Doong is the largest cave in the world by volume, Mammoth Cave is the world’s longest-known cave. Located in Mammoth Cave National Park in Kentucky, USA, it boasts more than 400 miles of exploration, and it is one of the oldest tourist attractions in the US. The cave became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981.

It takes millions of years for caves to form and grow

Caves form and grow through a process known as speleogeneis. Surprisingly, this takes millions of years; the dissolving of the karst (a landscape where the dissolving bedrock results in caves, sinking holes, and springs) takes more than 100,000 years to make enough space for a person.

A combination of chemical reactions, atmospheric influences, microbes, pressure, water erosion and tectonic forces result in caves.

Published in Dawn, Young World, February 28th, 2026