DHAKA: Bangladesh said on Sunday it had set up a wage board to review garment workers’ pay and urged employees to return to work as violent protests forced the closure of more than 500 factories, with police firing tear gas and water cannon at demonstrators.

The dispute has raised concerns about widespread disruption to an industry that employs about four million workers, generates more than 80pc of Bangladesh’s export earnings and supplies clothing to many leading Western brands.

The workers in the South Asian nation are demanding a minimum monthly wage of 30,000 taka ($245), more than double the current 12,500 taka, saying rising costs of food, housing, transport and healthcare have sharply eroded their purchasing power.

“The cost of living has increased far beyond our incomes,” worker Mahin Hossain said. “After paying rent, there is very little left for food, our children’s education and other essential expenses. Many are finding it almost impossible to support their families.”

Police use tear gas

Despite the announcement of the wage board, thousands of garment workers staged demonstrations on Sunday, blocking roads in Dhaka and Gazipur, outside the capital, and disrupting transport across key industrial areas.

Police used tear gas and water cannon to disperse protesters after demonstrators threw bricks at officers, and a police vehicle and a police box were set on fire in separate incidents. Authorities deployed Border Guard Bangladesh personnel to maintain order.

The latest unrest follows demonstrations in Ashulia, a major garment manufacturing hub on the outskirts of Dhaka, where dozens of factories suspended operations on Saturday after workers staged protests demanding higher pay.

In all, the unrest has forced 529 garment factories to shut down and left 987,190 workers out of work across the country’s main industrial hubs, according to the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association.

Labour and Employment Minister Ariful Haque Choudhury said the wage board was formed after discussions with workers’ representatives and industry leaders, and urged workers to resume work.

The six-member wage board comprises two representatives each from workers and employers, along with a government representative and a neutral member. The body has been tasked with reviewing wages in the garment sector and recommending revised pay rates.

Delayed shipments

Choudhury warned that prolonged disruptions could delay export shipments and payments from international buyers, creating further difficulties for manufacturers and workers alike. Bangladesh’s ready-made garment industry, the world’s largest after China, contributes about 10pc of gross domestic product and is the backbone of the economy.

Manufacturers, however, say the sector is facing mounting challenges, including rising production costs, periodic gas and electricity shortages, and uncertainty in energy markets linked to tensions in the Middle East.

Published in Dawn, November 2nd, 2026