WASHINGTON: Iranian missile strikes on southern Israel and toward a key US-UK military base in the Indian Ocean have escalated the conflict into its fourth week, prompting US Democrats to call for transparency and oversight.

The developments are bound to intensify their push in Congress for public hearings on US President Donald Trump’s war on Iran — even as their efforts have so far failed to gain traction.

Iran fired long-range ballistic missiles at southern Israeli towns, including Dimona and Arad, near Israel’s sensitive nuclear research facilities. Israeli authorities said dozens were wounded and some missiles penetrated air defence systems.

In a significant widening of the conflict, Iran also launched missiles toward the US-UK base on Diego Garcia. US officials said the missiles did not strike the base, with one failing mid-flight and another intercepted by a US naval vessel.

President Trump has not sought congressional authorisation for the military campaign. On Friday, he suggested operations could be “wound down” if objectives are met, while also insisting Iran must not be allowed to threaten US interests or pursue nuclear weapons.

Seventeen Senate Democrats say they are preparing a “volley of war powers resolutions” and are “threatening to use every procedural tool at their disposal” to force debate and ensure oversight.

Senators Cory Booker, Tammy Baldwin, Tammy Duckworth, Tim Kaine, Adam Schiff, and Chris Murphy emphasised the need for public scrutiny of the administration’s actions.

Booker stressed that Congress must exercise its constitutional role in overseeing military operations, warning that unchecked action could set a dangerous precedent for future conflicts.

But Democratic efforts have so far been blocked. War powers resolutions have largely failed along party lines, and Republican leaders have refused to schedule public hearings on Iran.

Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer, Armed Services Committee Ranking Member Jack Reed, and Foreign Relations Committee Ranking Member Jeanne Shaheen have demanded that senior administration officials testify under oath. They cautioned that unclear goals and shifting explanations increase the risk of escalation, casualties, and costs for taxpayers.

Democratic Senator Tim Kaine said Democrats are “tired of the classified briefings. We’re tired of hiding this from the public”.

He added: “When you keep something in secret, there’s a reason you keep it in secret because you don’t believe it will stand analysis in the light of day.”

While Democratic Senator Chris Murphy said the administration should be willing to defend its actions publicly: “If this administration thinks it can defend this war — I don’t know how it can — then it should send Pete Hegseth and Marco Rubio to the Senate next week for a hearing in front of the relevant committees.”

In the House, Representative Gregory W. Meeks called for testimony from top officials involved in Iran policy, stressing that Congress must understand the rationale, planning, and consequences of the administration’s actions before authorising or funding further operations.

Republican leaders have pushed back.

Republican Senate Majority Leader John Thune said administration officials have provided “plenty of news conferences” and classified briefings.

“I am not sure what the Democrats’ objective would be … other than to try and find some way to embarrass them,” he said.

While Republican House Speaker Mike Johnson warned that public hearings could compromise operational security.

“We’re in the midst of a couple-of-weeks-long operation that’s sensitive in its mission and scope, and you cannot go outside of the classified briefing … because it would adversely affect our mission,” he said.

With oil prices climbing above $100 per barrel, Democrats argue that the widening conflict — from Israeli towns near nuclear facilities to a US base thousands of kilometres away — strengthens the case for public scrutiny.

At a recent Senate hearing, Democrats questioned military officials on whether airstrikes alone could significantly alter Iran’s posture, but the generals said such questions could only be answered in classified briefings.

As the Iran conflict intensifies, Democrats continue to push for transparency, arguing that Congress and the American public deserve a clear picture of objectives, strategy, and potential costs — both human and financial — before the war escalates further.