WHEN something as basic as a functioning union council is absent in over a quarter of Balochistan’s areas more than two years after elections, it sends a clear message: local government there is not a priority. This neglect — by both the provincial government and the centre — severely undermines democracy at the grassroots and reinforces the perception that Balochistan remains peripheral to national policymaking. And yet, the situation is hardly unique to that province. Despite Article 140-A of the Constitution mandating LGs, and repeated Supreme Court directives, no province has fully embraced devolution. Instead, LG elections have been repeatedly delayed, underfunded, or rendered toothless. This is no accident. Both federal and provincial lawmakers view empowered LGs as a threat to their control over development funds and patronage networks. Consequently, a system intended to bring governance closer to the people is treated as expendable.

This short-sighted approach has had severe consequences. From waste management to basic education and water supply, service delivery across the country suffers because decision-making remains centralised. The 18th Amendment may have devolved powers to the provinces, but the devolution has not reached the districts and union councils where it is most needed. Pakistan’s urban challenges and rural underdevelopment alike stem from this democratic gap. Local bodies can help manage rapid urbanisation, promote inclusivity, and build resilience against disasters. Countries like China and South Korea have shown how empowering LGs can boost both human development and economic growth. Fixing this will require constitutional amendments that clearly define LG powers, ensure regular elections, and mandate direct elections for mayors and chairpersons. Provinces must also be held accountable through mechanisms like a strengthened provincial finance commission and grants tied to service delivery. Until we shift power closer to the people, our crises — from sanitation to schooling — will remain unresolved. The time for centralised control is over; it is time to govern from the grassroots.

Published in Dawn, April 22nd, 2025