HANOI: Communist-ruled China and Vietnam, at odds over claims in the South China Sea, agreed on Tuesday to boost ties and build a community with a “shared future”, three months after Hanoi upgra­ded its formal relations with the United States.

On Chinese President Xi Jinping’s first visit to Hanoi in six years, the two countries announced 37 deals, including on diplomatic ties, railways and telecommunications.

As China and the United States vie for influence in the strategic nation, the agreements mark an achievement of Vietnam’s “Bamboo diplomacy”, although analysts and diplomats said the improvement in relations could be more symbolic than real.

Vietnam agreed to “support the initiative of building a community of shared future for humankind”, according to a joint statement shown to reporters on Tuesday, after sources said China had been pushing for it. The joint statement is expected to be formally signed on Wednesday.

Two countries agree on joint patrols in South China Sea

In a sign of possible de-escalation, however, they signed two cooperation agreements for joint patrols in the Tonkin Gulf in the South China Sea and to establish a hotline to handle fisheries incidents, according to one of the agreements.

Digital Silk Road

Apart from taking ties to a level Beijing may consider above those with the United States, the upgra­ded status came with the announcement of 36 cooperation deals, according to a list of documents, and the joint statement on diplomatic ties.

That was short of 45 initially proposed, according to one Vietnamese official, and missed agreements on critical minerals and rare earths on which Xi had urged more cooperation in an opinion piece published on Tuesday in a Vietna­mese state newspaper.

Deals included two memoranda of understanding on cross-border rail development, including one mentioning developing aid. Top officials in both countries had urged a boost to a rail link between the southern Chinese city of Kunming and the northern Vietnamese port of Haiphong, which crosses regions in Vietnam rich in rare earths.

Stronger rail networks would speed the import of components from China for assembly in Vietnam, effectively expanding China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).

So far the Hanoi metro is Vietnam’s only project to have received BRI loans and it has not been labelled as part of the initiative, as the country’s leaders often grapple with widespread anti-Chinese sentiment.

‘Two corridors, one belt’

The two countries agreed to jointly promote the “two corridors, one belt” initiative, which is the Vietnamese term for infrastructure projects supported by China.

Xi’s visit is also expected to boost plans on what is known as the Digital Silk Road, and the two countries signed several deals to cooperate on telecommunications and the digital economy.

The content of the agreements is not known but officials had said the increased telecoms cooperation could include digital infrastructure such as 5G networks and undersea optical fibre cables.

Published in Dawn, December 13th, 2023