An Afghan mujahideen commander who fought the Soviets and rose to become the country's first president after the Red Army retreated has died aged 93, his family said on Tuesday.

Sibghatullah Mojaddedi, who commanded a mujahideen faction during the decade-long insurgency against the Soviet occupiers, passed away late on Monday in a Kabul hospital after a long illness.

Prominent Afghans, including former president Hamid Karzai, have begun visiting the Mojaddedi family home to pay their respects.

Afghanistan's de facto prime minister Abdullah Abdullah extended his condolences to the respected Mojaddedi clan.

"He has played a vital role in all national issues and his legacy will remain part of Afghanistan's history," he posted on Twitter.

Presidential candidate and former national security adviser Mohammad Haneef Atmar said Mojaddedi's passing "leaves a huge vacuum in Afghan politics and public life".

Mojaddedi's death comes three days before the 30th anniversary of the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan.

The Red Army crossed the Amu Darya river into Soviet Uzbekistan on February 15, 1989, having suffered 15,000 losses.

After the withdrawal, Afghanistan's communist regime collapse in 1992 and Mojaddedi, who led the Afghan National Liberation Front, was chosen as interim president.

He served just two months under a power-sharing deal struck by mujahideen leaders. These factions later turned on each other and Afghanistan plunged into civil war.

But Mojaddedi continued to play a prominent role in Afghan politics, particularly after the fall of the Taliban in 2001.

In 2003, Mojaddedi served as chairman of the Loya Jirga — or Grand Assembly — that approved Afghanistan's new constitution for a post-Taliban era.

He also chaired a four-day gathering of around 2,500 tribal elders in 2013 to endorse a security agreement under which the United States would keep troops in Afghanistan to train Afghan forces and conduct counterterrorism operations.