KARACHI, Oct. 9: Cardiovascular disease has emerged to be a major cause of ill health and early death in different parts of the world, including Pakistan.

People with diabetes are four times more at risk of heart diseases, strokes and circulation problems than non-diabetic individuals. Risk factors were, however, said to be the same for people with diabetes as far as the general population, said a report in the Pakistan Diabetics Association publication.

The factors included high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking, obesity and physical in activity. Diabetes itself was said to be an extra risk factor.

Due to difficulty in diagnosing cardiovascular disease, it is extremely important to identify particular risk factors and manage them by encouraging changes in life-style or by prescribing medication where appropriate.

This preventative approach should help reduce the risk of developing more serious conditions as heart attacks, strokes and leg ulcers. People, in general, and those at high risk, in particular, need to have regular medical examinations, preferably annually. This must include the monitoring of weight, blood pressure, with examination of eyes and feet.

Blood samples for long-term blood glucose control and cholesterol levels be also taken and urine be tested. Doctors may decide to carry out further tests if required or indicated.

It was further stated that lifestyle changes have the potential to reduce most of the risks associated with cardiovascular diseases. The most important changes required to be made include increasing levels of physical activity, losing weight and stopping smoking.—APP