LONDON: The imminent execution of Saddam Hussein and two other former Iraqi officials marks a further step away from respect for human rights and the rule of law in a deeply polarised and violent Iraq. For 15 years Human Rights Watch and other organisations documented rights violations committed by the former government. There is no question that Saddam and his cohort were responsible for horrific practices. But by ratifying the execution order the tribunal’s appeals chamber has compounded the serious errors committed at trial and further undermined the credibility of the process.

The trial judgment was not finished when the verdict and sentence were announced on Nov 5, 2006. The record only became available to defence lawyers on Nov 22, 2006. According to the tribunal’s statute, the defence attorneys had to file their appeals on Dec 5, 2006,which gave them less than two weeks to respond to the 300-page trial decision. The appeals chamber never held a hearing to consider the legal arguments presented as allowed by Iraqi law. It defies belief that the appeals chamber could fairly review a 300-page decision together with written submissions by the defence and consider all the relevant issues in less than three weeks.

This follows a trial whose serious flaws rendered the verdict unsound. The trial was undermined from the start by persistent political interference from the Iraqi government. Furthermore, the rights of the defendants were systematically denied by failures to disclose key evidence to the defence. There were also serious violations of the defendants’ rights to confront witnesses testifying against them. Most disturbing were the frequent lapses of judicial demeanour by the trial’s second presiding judge. In January, the first chief judge resigned in protest over the public criticism of his trial management practices by leading officials.

These failures contrast with the seriousness of the cases before the tribunal. For the first time since the post-war Nuremberg trials, almost the entire leadership of a repressive government faced trial for gross human rights violations. It offered the chance to create a historical record of some of the regime’s unspeakable rights violations and to begin the process of accounting for the policies and decisions that gave rise to them. The death sentence is a further step away from respect for human rights. —Dawn/The Guardian News Service