Some people in China’s key cities of Beijing, Shanghai, and Wuhan braved the cold and a spike in Covid-19 infections to return to regular activity on Monday, confident of a boost to the economy as more recover from infections.

Among those who gathered to sled or ice skate on a frozen lake in the capital’s Shichahai Lake Park were some upbeat about the opening up after China dropped stringent “zero-Covid” measures on December 7 to adopt a strategy of living with the virus.

However, a wave of infections has since erupted nationwide, after borders had been kept all but shut for three years amid a strict regime of lockdowns and relentless testing.

“After the end of this lockdown, we don’t have to scan the health code anymore, nor do we have to check the travel code,” said one of those in the park, Yang, who gave only one name.

“So we are free now.”

Also at the lake was Zhong, a 22-year-old college student, who said he had stayed home for two or three weeks after getting infected.

“Now I can go out and it’s good timing for the New Year’s Day holiday,” he added. “I want to go around in Beijing, have a look and feel the festive mood.”

Monday was a public holiday, but traffic in the capital has built up again in the last few days as people flock to outdoor sites, although business is still slow in some smaller, confined locations, such as restaurants.

The owner of a Beijing seafood restaurant said patrons had not returned to full strength.

“I expect this situation to linger through the Lunar New Year holiday,” said Chen, who gave only his surname. “I am counting on business to be more normal after the holiday.”

In the central city of Wuhan, where the pandemic began three years ago, people were not as anxious anymore, a man surnamed Wu told Reuters.

“Work production, life, and entertainment are all getting back to normal levels,” added Wu, a tutor at a private training centre.

Lunar New Year Travel

China’s biggest holiday, Lunar New Year, begins on Jan 21 this year, when the railway network is expected to carry 5.5 million passengers, state broadcaster CCTV has said.

As expectations for holiday travel grow, authorities at Tibet’s spectacular Potala Palace said it would open for visitors from Jan 3, after shutting last August due to a Covid-19 outbreak.

Some hotels in the southern tourist resort of Sanya are fully booked for Lunar New Year, media have said.

In recent days state media have sought to reassure the public that the Covid-19 outbreak was under control and nearing its peak.

Infections in the cities of Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Chongqing are close to ending, news outlet Caixin said on Sunday, citing researchers in the Chinese commercial hub.

But infections will peak in the urban regions of Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu, and Qinghai in the latter half of January, they added.

More than 80 per cent of those living in southwestern Sichuan have been infected, the province’s Center for Disease Control and Prevention has said.

But Monday’s single new Covid death — flat from the previous day — among China’s population of 1.4 billion does not match the experience of other countries after they re-opened.

The official death toll of 5,250 since the pandemic began compared with more than 1m in the United States. Chinese-ruled Hong Kong, a city of 7.4m, has reported more than 11,000 deaths.

About 9,000 people in China are probably dying each day from Covid, health data firm Airfinity said last week, while cumulative deaths since December 1 have probably reached 100,000, with infections at 18.6m.

Airfinity, which is based in Britain, expects China’s Covid cases to reach their first peak on Jan 13, with 3.7m daily infections.

China has said it only counts deaths of Covid patients caused by pneumonia and respiratory failure as being related to Covid.

The relatively low death count is also inconsistent with the rising demand reported by funeral parlours in several cities.