JODHPUR: Afroz misses school every day to spend hours waiting with a handcart full of containers for a special train bringing precious water to people suffering a heatwave in India’s desert state of Rajasthan.

Temperatures often exceed 45 degrees Celsius (113 Fahrenheit) here, but this year the heat came early in what many experts say is more proof of climate change making life unbearable for India’s 1.4 billion people.

“It’s always been very hot here and we have always struggled for water,” Afroz, 13, said as he waited in Pali district for the second time that day for the special train.

“But I don’t remember filling up containers in April.” For more than three weeks now, the 40-wagon train — carrying some two million litres — has been the only source of water for thousands of people in the district.

Untreated

Every day, dozens of people — mostly women and children — jostle with blue plastic jerry cans and metal pots to fill from hoses gushing water out of the army-green train into an underground tank.

Water has been dispatched by train to Pali before, but according to local railway officials, the shortage this year was already critical in April so they started early.

The wagons — filled in Jodhpur, around 65 kilometres (40 miles) away — are first emptied into cement storage tanks, from which the water is sent to a treatment plant for filtering and distribution.

But for Afroz’s family and many others like them, life is easier if they fill directly from the storage tanks, despite the water being untreated.

That their children skip school at times to ensure there is water in the house is what hits the families the most.

“I can’t ask the breadwinner of the family to help me. Otherwise, we’ll be struggling for both food and water,” Afroz’s mother Noor Jahan said as she filled up an aluminium pot.

“It is affecting my child’s education, but what do I do? I cannot carry all these containers on my own,” she said.

Cracked feet

Hundreds of millions of people in South Asia have been sweltering in an early summer heatwave in recent weeks, with India seeing its warmest March on record.

In India and Pakistan, “more intense heat waves of longer durations and occurring at a higher frequency are projected”, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) said in a recent landmark report.

The “cascading impacts” of heatwaves on agricultural output, water, energy supplies and other sectors are already apparent, World Meteorological Organisation chief Petteri Taalas said this month.

On Friday, India banned wheat exports — needed to help fill a supply gap due to the Ukraine war — in part due to the heat wilting crops.

Together, high humidity and heat can create “wet-bulb temperatures” so vicious that sweating no longer cools people down, potentially killing a healthy adult within hours.

“I have already made three trips from my house in the last one hour. And I’m the only one who can do it,” said Laxmi, another woman collecting water, pointing to cracks on her feet.

Published in Dawn, May 18th, 2022