BOGOTA: Buses belching black clouds of smoke in Colombia’s streets could gradually become a thing of the past as two major cities in the South American nation launch fleets of electric buses to curb air pollution and planet-warming carbon emissions.

Cali, Colombia’s third-largest city, introduced the country’s first fleet of electric buses earlier this month, with 26 now circulating in the south-western city of 2.5 million people.

Another 110 battery-powered buses are slated to arrive at the end of year, according to Veronica Uribe, head of operations for Metro Cali, the city’s bus system.

“For Cali, it has been important to change to a model of transport that is environmentally sustainable,” Uribe told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.

“Electric energy is a source of energy we have to take advantage of. We aim to have a public transport system that has the least impact on the environment as possible,” she said.

Funded by private bus operators and city hall, the buses can run up to 280km without having to recharge.

Toxic pollution

As Latin American cities struggle to stem health-harming pollution, introducing cleaner transport that also cuts emissions is a strategy that’s gaining support. The plans are largely being led by policy makers in city halls and municipal governments.

With technology for electric mobility improving and becoming cheaper, more countries in Central and South America — from Chile and Mexico, to Ecuador and Argentina — are pushing to replace their cities’ diesel-run buses with electric ones over the next few decades.

With about 200 buses, Chile’s capital has the largest electric fleet outside of global front-runner China

But even as more cities adopt greener transport, investment in electric buses and other low-carbon technology needs to double over the next two decades globally, according to the World Resources Institute (WRI), a US-based research group.

That is key to internationally agreed efforts to try to hold global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, the WRI noted.

Worldwide, cities account for about three-quarters of carbon emissions and consume more than two-thirds of energy, meaning their success or failure in reducing emissions will have a big impact on whether global warming can be kept to agreed limits.

Along with ensuring power grid upgrades and charging infrastructure is in place, finding long-term financing for cities to adopt electric bus fleets is a key challenge, according to WRI.

Electric buses typically cost two to three times more than diesel buses, it said.

Medellin

In Colombia’s second city of Medellin, city hall has financed a fleet of 64 electric buses, costing about $22 million. They will be rolled out in November, with electric taxis also taking to the streets this week.

According to Medellin’s mayor, Federico Gutierrez, the bus project marks the first time a Latin American city has introduced an electric bus fleet fully funded with public money.

“More than a change of technology, this is a change of culture,” said Gutierrez, during an event to mark the arrival of the buses from China earlier this week.

“We have to look after our planet. We all have a greater awareness that we need to take care of the environment,” he said.

The electric bus fleet operating in the city of 4m people will keep more than 3,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere each year, the mayor’s office said.

Each bus, which can carry up to 90 passengers, takes two hours to charge at one of 16 stations across the city. A full charge allows buses to operate for about 300km, which means they can run for a whole day without topping up.

Medellin aims “to be the capital of electric mobility in Latin America”, Gutierrez said.

The two Colombian cities, however, face tough competition from Santiago, Chile’s capital, which is today Latin America’s electric bus leader.

With about 200 buses, Santiago has the largest electric fleet outside of global front-runner China, according to WRI.

Colombia’s capital Bogota, however, hopes to claim that top slot in Latin America as early as next year.

In June, Bogota’s mayor announced a tender to buy 594 electric buses, with an aim to start operating them in 2020 in the city, which also struggles with air pollution.

If successful, Bogota would boast the largest fleet of electric buses in Latin America, according to the mayor.

Published in Dawn, September 21st, 2019