SHANGHAI: The first visit by an Indian prime minister to China in a decade produced a spate of agreements and flourishes of rhetoric, but no major breakthrough in ties between the suspicious neighbours, analysts said.

The visit by Atal Behari Vajpayee did not, one New Delhi-based Indian analyst said on Wednesday, “change the underlying dynamics of the India-China relationship”.

Nevertheless, with both making concessions on contentious border issues and moving towards greater trade between countries which are home to one-third of the world’s people, a long-frozen relationship is now on the move, they said.

India, for the first time, accepted in writing that Tibet was part of China, an issue dear to Beijing. China agreed to open trade through disputed Sikkim, a tiny Himalayan state annexed by New Delhi in 1975.

And while Beijing insisted that did not mean acceptance of Indian sovereignty over Sikkim, Chinese analyst Sun Shihai called it “indirect” recognition.

These were small but significant advances for two countries which fought a brief border war in 1962, leaving ties in tatters for decades until the territorial disputes were effectively put on one side in the late 1980s.

That reduced tension along the 3,500 kms border which runs the length of the Himalayas through some of the world’s most inhospitable land.

Now, one of the agreements signed in Beijing appoints special envoys to sort out the border mess, both of them powerful figures in their governments.

“We will go beyond a peaceful and tranquil border to a step further: a border where there can be trade and tourism,” said foreign policy analyst G. Parthasarathy, a former senior Indian diplomat.

TRADE DOOR OPENS: Indian businessmen would be thrilled, said T.K. Bhaumik, economic adviser to the Confederation of Indian Industry.