NEW DELHI: India has overtaken Japan as the world’s fourth-biggest economy — and officials hope to pass Germany within three years, the government’s end-of-year economic review calculates.

Official confirmation however depends on data due in 2026 when final annual gross domestic product figures are released, with the Inter­national Monetary Fund suggesting India will cross over Japan next year.

“India is among the world’s fastest-growing major economies and is well-positioned to sustain this momentum,” read the government economic briefing note, which was released late Monday.

“With GDP valued at $4.18 trillion, India has surpassed Japan to become the world’s fourth-largest economy, and is poised to displace Germany from the third rank in the next two-and-a-half to three years, with projected GDP of $7.3tr by 2030.” IMF projections for 2026 put India’s economy at $4.51tr, compared with Japan’s $4.46tr.

New Delhi’s upbeat assessment comes despite economic worries after Washington in August hit New Delhi with huge tariffs over its purchases of Russian oil.

India said continued growth reflects its “resilience amid persistent global trade uncertainties”. But other measurements offer a less rosy outlook.

In terms of population, India overtook neighbouring China as the most populous nation in 2023.

India’s GDP per capita was $2,694 in 2024, according to the latest World Bank figures, 12 times smaller than Japan’s $32,487, and 20 times smaller than Germany’s $56,103.

Published in Dawn, December 31st, 2025