The major reason behind the decline of any empire is civil war in which different factions fight to grab power. Such wars not only cause the resources of the state go waste but also disintegrate society. The army is also greatly affected by civil wars and it loses its power to keep a check on internal disturbance and foreign invasions simultaneously. The weakness of the army results in the disintegration of central power of the state and, consequently, provinces become independent, resulting in the breakdown of the whole state into smaller states. The administration no longer remains in a position to collect taxes, and revenue collectors and other government officials get involved in corruption, consequently, the political, social and economic institutions collapse which leads the empire towards decline. The same happened with the Mauryan Empire

After Mauryans (from 184BC to 300AD)

After the decline of the Mauryan Empire, many small states were formed and due to limited resources available for these states, it became difficult for them to survive. However, some of them used their finances well and spent them for the welfare of people. But, unfortunately, some states for the sake of extending their borders got involved in wars with their neighbours. The rulers who were wise and willing to make the future of their people prosperous, maintain better relations with neighbouring countries, while greedy and ambitious ones ruined the resources of the states on wars and worsened the lives of their people.

Some of important states that emerged after the disintegration of the Mauryan Empire were Shanga, Kin, Shaka, Satwahana and Kushana. In South India, there were three ruling dynasties Chaul, Cheer and Pandaya. Most of the territories of southern states were surrounded by mountains. Traders used coastal routes to carry commercial commodities to other countries. Trade helped them earn revenue and they utilised their wealth in patronising poets, musicians, dancers and painters. It was customary to present artists with jewellery, gold and diamonds as a token of appreciation.

Among all the rulers, Shakas and Kushanas were foreign invaders and their presence showed that the smaller states were not in a position to prevent foreign invasions.

Disintegration of the Mauryan Empire not only changed the political structure of the region but also transformed its social and cultural scene. After the fall of empire, the Mauryans had to face many new challenges.