UNITED NATIONS: Myanmar companies and foreign firms operating in that country bankroll ‘brutal operations’ of the Burmese military, says a report prepared by independent UN experts.

The report, released in New York on Monday, notes that the Burmese military has carried out “extensive and systematic” human rights violations” against civilians since 2016, including forcibly deporting more than 700,000 ethnic Rohingya to Bangladesh.

During this period at least 14 foreign firms, from seven nations, supplied them with fighter jets, armoured combat vehicles, warships, missiles and missile launchers.

The UN Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar, which prepared the report, urges the global community to impose targeted sanctions and arms embargoes on the Myanmar military.

The mission has also determined that the money earned from international and domestic business deals, “substantially enhances its ability to carry out gross violations of human rights with impunity.”

The report shows how the country’s military uses its own businesses, foreign companies and arms deals to support “brutal operations” against ethnic groups that constitute “serious crimes under international law”, bypassing civilian oversight and evading accountability.

The chairperson of the mission, Marzuki Darusman — a lawyer, human rights campaigner and former Attorney-General of Indonesia — said that the recommendations in the report, which include encouraging investors to engage with businesses that are not affiliated with the military, is to “erode the economic base” of the military, making it harder for them to block reforms, violate human rights and carry out operations without oversight: “We have to promote economic ties with non-Tatmadaw companies and businesses in Myanmar. This will foster the continued liberalization and growth of Myanmar’s economy, including its natural resource sector, but in a manner that contributes to accountability, equity and transparency for its population.”

The mission names two companies, Myanmar Economic Holdings Limited (MEHL) and Myanmar Economic Corporation (MEC) that, it says, are owned and “influenced by” senior military leaders, including Commander-in-Chief Senior General Min Aung Hlaing and Deputy Commander-in-Chief Vice Senior General Soe Win.

In previous statements, the mission called for both men to be investigated and prosecuted for genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes.

MEC and MEHL are involved in a diverse range of activities, including jade and ruby mining in Kachin and Shan states.

International human rights and humanitarian law violations, including forced labour and sexual violence, have, say the report’s authors, been perpetrated by the Tatmadaw in northern Myanmar in connection with their business activities.

The report details how other, so-called “crony companies”, with close links to the military financed development projects in Rakhine State, such as the construction of a barrier fence along the Myanmar-Bangladesh border, that “furthered the military’s objective of re-engineering the region in a way that erases evidence of Rohingya belonging to Myanmar.”

Foreign companies also come under scrutiny in the report, which found that at least 15 foreign firms have joint ventures with the military, while 44 others have some form of commercial ties with military-owned businesses.

These foreign companies, says the report, risk contributing to, or being linked to, violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, and should conduct heightened due diligence to ensure they are not benefiting the military.

The Fact-Finding Mission will present its final report to the UN Human Rights Council in September 2019.

Published in Dawn, August 7th, 2019