Art Theatre may revive city’s pride
By M.M. Usmani
Karachi will soon have a modern and well-designed theatre which will be a pride for the city. The Karachi Art Theatre nearing completion in the Arts Council of Pakistan premises has been named after the Moscow Art Theatre, whose founder “Konstantin Stanislavsky, admittedly had more widespread influence in the 20th century acting and theatre movement than any other theorist.” Hopefully the Karachi Art Theatre will be the precursor of a similar movement.
Before independence, Lahore and Karachi had branches of the Indian Progressive Theatre Association. In Lahore Chetan Anand and in Karachi A.K Hangal were the moving spirit behind these units. In both these cities these theatre groups staged quality plays. In the Government College Lahore mostly English and occasionally Urdu dramas were staged. Lahore also had the distinction of having the well known and large North Western Railways Orchestra. Karachi had the Katrak Hall and another two halls near Kharadar, where Bombay’s top theatre companies like Victoria Theatre Company (of K.N.Kabra) and Alfred Theatre Co. performed when they visited the city.
Besides these, there was an Allied Theatre Hall where, after Partition, the performers of the old theatres continued to stage legendary plays. The Parsis contributed with their Gujrati dramas. Immediately after Independence, Karachi as well as Lahore lost interest in drama as most middle class Hindus and Sikhs left for India. In the early fifties a vacuum existed. Fortunately two dramatists emerged in 1951-52. Khwaja Moinuddin in Karachi produced high quality plays. His first play Taleem-i- Balighan was followed by Lal Qila Se’ Lalukhet, Mirza Ghalib Bunder Road Per and others. These were immensely popular and were performed hundreds of times.
In Lahore (1957) Ali Ahmad staged several progressive plays like Zat-i-Sharif, Subah Hone’ Tak, Shamat-i-Aamal etc. He moved to Karachi in 1958 and founded a theatre group by the name of AGAT (re-named NATAK). Numerous plays were staged under its auspices. They were highly rated by the critics and dealt with social and political issues.
In Lahore in the fifties Safdar Mir and Izhar Kazmi also produced plays. In the following decade Naeem Tahir, Kamal Ahmed Rizvi, Shoib Hashmi, Rashid Umar Thanvi, Khalid Butt and many others started staging dramas. In Rawalpindi Agha Babar kept drama alive. Karachi in the same period had Intizar Husain, Samad Yar Khan, Hameed Wyne, Ibrahim Yusuf and others. In the fifties and sixties again, KATS and the Clifton Players theatre groups presented English dramas regularly. Zia Mohiuddin and Aslam Azhar were the moving spirit here.
Later, for various reasons, mainly for lack of support from the government, most of the pioneers left the field and engaged themselves in other pursuits. This space was occupied by numerous small groups that started presenting poor quality, crude and vulgar plays in Gujrati and Memoni. The same story was repeated in Lahore with Punjabi and Urdu dramas. These plays had practically no scripts. Surprisingly, this was the period when there was martial law in the country and Islamic values were emphasised day in and day out. Some heroic attempts are now being made in Karachi by serious and high-minded groups.
In this context, the establishment of the Karachi Art Theatre is a very good news. The building has been designed by the well known Architect Mr. Aqeel Bilgrami. Construction was started in 1991 but the work remained suspended until last year, when it commenced again with the generous assistance of the federal and Sindh governments. At the planning stage in 1991, extensive discussions were held with the practitioners of theatre to ascertain their requirements.
The hall has a seating capacity for 480. The seats are in a semi circle shape. This arrangement is considered ideal for a clear view of the stage and from the acoustic point of view. The floor is covered with vinyl tiles which will absorb any noise that ushers and late comers may make while walking. All seats are fixed and movement of those sitting will not disturb others in the audience or the actors on the stage. The wings will have black colour covering, eliminating any distraction for the audience. Lighting in the hall and on the stage have been imaginatively planned and will be provided by an experienced company. Acoustics similarly are of very highly quality. Air-conditioning will be completely noiseless.
The stage is the best part of the theatre. With a dimension suitable for all variety of dramas but not for concerts and Jalsas. The flooring is of fully seasoned high quality wood. The sets on the stage can be changed by a hydraulic system within minutes, while the attention of the audience is still focussed. Four different sets can be lifted up and lowered during a performance. The stage has even a hollow stage beneath where a character of the play can disappear if so required by the script. The Control Room for the director and the place where the prompter will be placed have digital communication systems. This means that they can communicate with the actors on stage without any distraction for the audience.
At the back of the stage there are changing rooms, separately for male and female actors, with complete facilities including connected sound system which will indicate the time at which they have to enter the stage. At another level four rooms will be available for accommodating the visiting theatre groups. In the foyer, space is available for a bookshop, a souvenir shop and for display of paintings and photographs.
The magnificent building of the Karachi Art Theatre can not by itself create great enthusiasm for serious theatre in Karachi. Much more will have to be done to make it an institution which can generate a theatre movement. First, those who control the affairs of the Arts Council should wholeheartedly accept it as a theatre and not insist on using it as an auditorium, which it is definitely not. They should also provide full opportunity to the few members of the Arts Council from the performing arts field to manage the theatre in their own light for at least two to three years. During this period the Arts Council should not expect profits but provide subsidy to the institution.
Secondly, the government must relax the provisions of the Performance Act of 1876, which requires a No-Objection Certificate and submission of the script for censorship to semi-literate officials.
Thirdly, the provincial government should exempt it from payment of entertainment tax, which in any case will add very little to its income. It is wrong to treat serious theatre as mere entertainment. It does entertain of course, but more importantly it creates awareness of societal and humanitarian issues and makes the audiences think and reflect on them.

