HYBRID warfare refers to the combination of conventional and non-conventional conflicts. Conventional conflicts are traditional in nature as these are caused by direct military incursions. On the other hand, non-conventional conflicts are carried out through technology that mostly include cyber-attacks, fake propaganda and disinformation campaigns. This kind of warfare has far-reaching effects on socio-political and economic aspects of life.

Owing to fragile internet infrastructure, Pakistan is more vulnerable to hybrid warfare internally and externally. Internally, the ethnic and sectarian divides over the decades have given rise to numerous non-state actors who are creating disinformation through social media. The recent incidents on May 9 showed everyone beyond doubt or debate how wrong things can really go once hybrid warfare is used to promote one’s philosophy through social media.

On the external front, India is playing its covert role to destabilise Pakistan. Major attacks on commercial banks, communication lines and websites are some examples of India’s mischief in this regard. It has persistently violated an independent state’s sovereignty and international law.

To minimise and overcome the threat of hybrid warfare, Pakistan needs to take concrete steps to bolster internet infrastructure and promote education in the field of information technology (IT).

Engr Waqar Badar Kandhro
Larkana

Published in Dawn, July 17th, 2023