Rahul Gandhi, whose family has dominated post-independence Indian politics, has led campaigning for the Congress party in politically vital Uttar Pradesh (UP) in a key test of his ability to become a national leader. -AFP Photo

BARABANKI: India's most populous state went to the polls Wednesday in a contest pitting the scion of the Gandhi political dynasty against the ruling party of local low-caste leader Mayawati.

Rahul Gandhi, whose family has dominated post-independence Indian politics, has led campaigning for the Congress party in politically vital Uttar Pradesh (UP) in a key test of his ability to become a national leader.

The 41-year-old is widely seen as a prime minister-in-waiting, but he faces a tough task reviving the fortunes of Congress in a state where the party has been out of power for 22 years and was trounced in the last elections in 2007.

Arrayed against him is the formidable and mercurial figure of Chief Minister Mayawati, a low-caste populist who inspires a devoted following from those at the bottom of India's strict social order.

She trumpets her efforts to fight discrimination and improve the lives of the poor and marginalised, but her administration also stands accused by critics of rampant corruption and wasting public funds on vast urban landscaping projects.

She has built statues of low-caste icons - including herself - in huge parks in the state capital, with total expenditure estimated officially at more than a billion dollars.

Uttar Pradesh has a population of about 200 million. If it were a country in its own right it would be the worlds fifth most populous, larger than Brazil, and in places it has poverty as bad as in sub-Saharan Africa.

“I get angry when I see UP lagging behind the rest of the country,” declared Gandhi last week.

Seventeen million people are expected to vote on Wednesday for a new state assembly in the first phase of elections that will be held in five stages until February 18. Results will be announced on March 6.

No accurate polling data exists, but the main contest is between Mayawati's Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), another regional caste-based group the Samajwadi Party (SP), Congress and the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party.

“We have seen enough of the SP and BSP, and it's time we give a chance to the Congress that has been out of power for a long time,” 65-year-old Mohahmmed Zahir Akhtar, a retired government employee, told AFP.

“Rahul Gandhi shows some promise.” What happens in caste-raven UP, where politicians have also courted the large Muslim minority community seen as vital to electoral success, will influence the government at the national level.

The state will send 80 members to the 552-seat parliament in the next national elections due in 2014 and a poor performance by Congress would damage Gandhi, as well as under-fire Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.

Congress is the head of a ruling coalition that has been beset by corruption problems over the last 18 months, including from the bungled sale of telecom licences in 2008 and the scandal-hit 2010 Delhi Commonwealth Games.

More recently, an economic slowdown and government U-turns on key reforms have led to fierce media criticism that paralysis in Singh's government is hurting the country.

The UP election is the biggest and most important of five state polls being held up to March 3.

The others are in the neglected northeastern state of Manipur, the agricultural heartland of Punjab, the holiday state of Goa and the mountainous region of Uttarakhand.