A lasting quiet in Lebanon could bring a new order
By Hamza Hendawi
MARJAYOUN (Lebanon): Hezbollah fighters have vanished in south Lebanon, melting back into the population. Whether peace holds will depend on how Hezbollah puts up with the newest players in its longtime stronghold: the Lebanese army and a beefed-up UN peacekeeping force.
Hezbollah’s massive rally in southern Beirut on Friday was a show of strength that it won’t fade away and that its guerrillas retain their weapons. But the new forces in the south aim to ensure they can’t use them.
A lasting quiet in southern Lebanon could mean a new order will take shape in an area that has for decades endured the woes of being the only active front in the Arab-Israeli conflict, removing a major source of tension that has for decades threatened to plunge the region into war.
Gaza and the West Bank will be the only flashpoints left in the conflict since Egypt and Jordan have peace treaties with Israel and complete calm prevails on Israel’s frontier with Syria, its only other Arab neighbour.
For Lebanon, often the unwilling party in Middle East violence, calm on its southern front will give it a badly needed respite to allow reconstruction to proceed after this summer’s 34 days of Israeli war left much of its infrastructure in ruin.
UN peacekeepers in the south now number about 5,000. Israeli soldiers in the south — belileved to number several thousand — are to be completely out soon. Earlier in the week, Israel’s army chief Lt. Gen. Dan Halutz said he hoped his nation’s troops will complete their gradual withdrawal from Lebanon by Friday or Saturday, though later he said this was unlikely because final details remained to be worked out with the UN peacekeepers.
Lebanon is no stranger to being the place where regional powers settled scores with each other and with their Western foes and many believe that Hezbollah’s benefactors Iran and Syria, seeking to serve their interests, would try and push the group into another fight with Israel.
“There is no way that Hezbollah can do away with its friendships with Syria and Iran,” said Rafik Khoury, co-editor-in-chief of Al-Anwar daily. “They are friends who don’t care whether calm returns to south Lebanon or not,” he said.
But for the moment the Hezbollah guerrillas who battled the Israelis have vanished from villages in the south, along with their weapons.
Hezbollah’s network of services remains above ground. Many residents whose homes have been destroyed confirmed they had received US$12,000 from Hezbollah to rebuild and a senior official from the group said the party’s activists were generally helping with rebuilding.
“Without Hezbollah, we would still be using candles at home,” said Sadeq Bazi, a barber in the village of Bint Jbail, where some of the war’s fiercest battles were fought. “My daughter’s milk and diapers come from Hezbollah.”
Nearly 10,000 Lebanese army troops have poured into the south since a UN-sponsored cease-fire halted the Israel-Hezbollah war on Aug 14. An additional 5,000 soldiers will follow and the UN peacekeeping force is supposed to grow to 15,000.
Their mandate is to prevent Hezbollah from launching fresh attacks against Israel and ensure that the authority of the Lebanese government prevails over the region, reversing a situation that had lasted for close to 30 years.
The Lebanese-UN force has said they will confiscate any Hezbollah weapons they encounter — but they won’t actively seek out and take any hidden weapons caches. So far there have been no reports of weapons seizures.
Lebanese troops have fanned out over most of the south, maintaining positions in towns and villages all the way to the border fence with Israel. They have set up dozens of checkpoints, checking the identity of travellers and searching vehicles.
The Lebanese army’s lack of modern weaponry is made up for by the cutting-edge hardware available to UN troops, such as Leclerc tanks and Cobra radar systems. UN forces are on patrol, some on foot, some using Humvees fitted with heavy machineguns.
Hezbollah has publicly accepted the UN Security Council resolution that ended the war, but its political chief in southern Lebanon has suggested the group was concerned that a more robust UN force may try to undermine its influence or attempt to search for and seize its weapons.—AP
