UNITED NATIONS: After securing a unanimous UN Security Council resolution supposedly granting "full sovereignty" to Iraqis, the United States is shifting its focus to winning a second decision that would protect its troops from possible war crimes prosecution.
The original resolution granting immunity to US peacekeepers was first adopted by the Security Council in July 2000, renewed last year, and remains valid until the end of June. The present resolution, which is a call for a second renewal, is due to come up for a vote before July 1.
"With a pliant interim government in Baghdad, this should not be a problem in Iraq," says an Asian diplomat. "But Washington obviously wants international legitimacy from the Security Council - and it may well get it," he predicted.
China, a veto-wielding permanent member of the Security Council, has already expressed reservations. But, according to diplomatic sources here, the Chinese government may signal its displeasure by abstaining on the resolution, not vetoing it.
"The question is: will the other 14 members of the Security Council allow themselves to be intimidated once again if the United States insists on a renewal," asked Hans Corell, who until recently was the UN Legal Counsel.
"Can they afford damaging their own reputation - and the Council's? And can the United States afford continuing in this way when they need all the support they can get from the United Nations in other matters?" Mr Corell asked.
The 15-member Security Council has already come under fire for wilting under US pressure when it unanimously adopted a resolution on Wednesday endorsing the military occupation of Iraq.
Despite the Council's recognition of a "sovereign interim government" in Baghdad - described by observers as strongly pro-American - Washington refused to give the new government veto powers over US military actions in Iraq, thereby undermining the concept of "real sovereignty", they add.
"For the Security Council to legitimize as sovereign an Iraqi government hand-picked by the United States, at the same time that Washington is sending more troops to occupy Iraq, proves that the United Nations cannot defend its own charter against American pressure," Roger Normand, director of the Centre for Economic and Social Rights, told IPS.
Mr Normand, co-author of a new report titled 'Beyond Torture: US Violations of Occupation Law in Iraq', said the administration of President George W Bush is committing war crimes and other serious violations of international law in Iraq "as a matter of routine policy".
"It is a war crime either to target protected persons and property or to conduct indiscriminate attacks in civilian areas," he said. Mr Normand said the reported killing of more than 40 people at a wedding party in Iraq in May, and over 600 people in Fallujah in a days-long military assault earlier this year, one-half of them women and children, appear to be particular egregious examples of indiscriminate killings.
How then, he asked, can members of the Security Council even entertain a US resolution seeking exemptions for its soldiers from war crimes prosecutions? Beyond the now-infamous examples of torture, rape and murder at the Abu Ghraib prison in Baghdad, Washington has ignored international law governing military occupation and violated the full range of Iraqis' national and human rights, Normand added.
The US attempt to seek exemptions from war crimes comes at a time when its soldiers in Iraq are accused of brutalising and humiliating detainees in violation of Geneva Conventions that govern the treatment of prisoners of war, and include the prohibition of torture, rights to legal representation and family visits.
The military atrocities committed by US soldiers warrant war crimes prosecutions, according to constitutional lawyers, but the United States cannot be hauled before the International Criminal Court (ICC) because it has refused to accede to the Rome Statute creating the ICC.
Exemption from war crimes prosecutions would also nullify the very basis of the ICC. "For someone who is a warm supporter of the United Nations, the ICC and the United States, it is obvious what must be done in this particular case. It is time to stop this nonsense," Mr Corell said.
On Monday, Human Rights Watch (HRW) appealed to Britain, a party to the ICC and a veto-holding permanent member of the Security Council, to withdraw its support for the controversial resolution.
"The United Kingdom played a positive role when the ICC was first created," said Steve Crawshaw, London director of HRW. "That makes it doubly depressing that Britain is now playing such a destructive role on Washington's behalf." -Dawn/The Inter Press News Service.
