In ancient times, dwelling of diverse races and their co-existence/interaction plus invasions and occupations of the Pukhtun land gave birth to a rich cultural heritage. Spectacular artefacts from ancient Gandhara have been recovered. Gur Khattree, Takh-Bahi, Seri Behlol, Shabaz Gari, Jamal Gari, Sheikhan Dheri, Ashoka’s Rock Edicts, Rani Gat, Butkara No 1 and 3, Lal Mehra Tomb, Udegram castle, Nimo Gram Buddhist Stupa, Hund, Aziz Dheri, Baja and Gala site represent the Gandhara heritage. Collections of Gandhara art are preserved at Peshawar, Swat, Chakdara and Hund Museums. Excavations carried out at these sites aimed to determine the exact cultural profile of the people of ancient times, highlighting the glory of Gandhara. — M.K.