THIS is with reference to the article ‘Soundscapes of Muharram’ (EOS, June 21). The history of world literature is adorned with immortal poetic master-pieces that have inspired generations across centuries. Poet William Wordsworth (1770-1850), renowned for his celebration of nature, considered poetry to be “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”.
Indeed, behind every great work of poetry lies the force of profound emotion and human experience. Among the most celebrated epic poems are The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer, The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri, and Paradise Lost by John Milton. The ancient Indian epics Ramayana and Mahabharata, as well as Shahnameh by Ferdausi occupy an equally exalted place in the world literature. These masterpieces are rightly regarded as treasures of humanity and examples of immortal poetry.
A close reading of these epics reveals many common elements: heroic figures, loyal companions, formidable villains, patriotism, love, rivalry, battles and the eternal struggle between the good and the evil. Yet, when we turn to the Urdu genre of marsia, particularly the works of Mir Babbar Ali Anees, we encounter a distinction that sets it apart from all other epics.
Unlike most epic poetry in literature, which is enriched by imagination, legend and literary embellishment, the Urdu marsia is rooted in a real historical event — the tragedy of Karbala, which took place in 680CE (61AH) in present-day Iraq. The narrative is not a product of fiction, but a record of one of the most profound moral struggles in human history.
On one side stood Imam Hussain ibn Ali, the son of Hazrat Ali and Hazrat Fatima and the beloved grandson of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Though accompanied by only a small group of devoted companions, he embodied truth, justice and unwavering faith. On the other side stood Yazid, who commanded a vast military force, and represented tyranny and worldly power.
The battle of Karbala was not merely a military confrontation; it was a clash between principle and oppression, between moral courage and brute force. Imam Hussain sacrificed his life, along with the lives of his family members and compan-ions, to preserve the true spirit of Islam. His sacrifice transformed Karbala into a timeless symbol of resistance against injustice.
Urdu marsia, especially in the hands of Mir Anees, elevated this historical tragedy into one of the highest forms of poetic expression. Through his unmatched artistry, Anees gave voice to courage, sacrifice, faith, loyalty and human dignity. As a result, marsia continues to live in the hearts of people even today. It is recited not only by the followers of Imam Hussain, but also by admirers of Urdu literature who recognise the extraordinary genius of Anees. The enduring vitality of marsia lies in the power of truth itself. While many epics celebrate legendary heroes, marsia commemorates a historical sacrifice whose moral message remains relevant across ages. This is the secret of its immortality.
Dr Syed Qamar Abbas
Texas, USA
Published in Dawn, June 25th, 2026