Chancellor Olaf Scholz has pledged to protect Germany’s Jews against a “shameful” upsurge in anti-Semitism in the wake of the Israel-Gaza situation, on the anniversary of the Nazi pogrom that began the Holocaust.

Speaking in a Berlin synagogue that assailants targeted with two Molotov cocktails last month, Scholz intoned: “Essentially this is about keeping the promise given again and again in the decades since 1945…the promise ‘never again’.”