Italy is bracing for nationwide protests, blockades and potential disruption as tough new coronavirus restrictions for workers come into effect.

All workers must show a so-called Green Pass, offering proof of vaccination, recent recovery from Covid-19 or a negative test — or face being declared absent without pay.

Up to three million workers are estimated to be unvaccinated — and most will only be able to work if they pay for their own tests either every 48 or 72 hours, depending on the type, according to an AFP report.

They include large numbers in the freight industry — and with many angry at the new rules and refusing to comply, there are fears of widespread economic disruption.