Only 20 overs were bowled during the day after incessant rain washed out the first two sessions and allowed play for barely two hours at the Ruhul Amin Stadium.
That, however, gave enough time for Tendulkar to extend his world record Test tally to 36 centuries and for Ganguly to compile his 13th hundred, his first since the tour of Zimbabwe in September 2005.
When stumps were drawn due to bad light, Mahendra Dhoni was unbeaten on 36 and Anil Kumble was on one.
Already, 83 overs have been lost over two days due to the weather, leaving both sides a tough task to force a result on a wicket that is offering no assistance to the bowlers.
Tendulkar and Ganguly, who came together on Friday afternoon with India on 132-3, put on 189 for the fourth wicket.
The stand was broken two deliveries after Ganguly reached 100 as the left-hander mistimed a hook off Mashrafe Mortaza and Mohammad Rafique ran in from mid-off to take a low catch.
Ganguly hit 13 boundaries and two sixes, both off Rafique.
Tendulkar also fell soon after reaching his century, a wild swat off seamer Shahadat Hossain landing in the hands of Mohammad Ashraful in the covers.
“It is really good to get a century after a long time,” said Tendulkar, whose record-breaking 35th hundred came against Sri Lanka in December 2005.
“Scoring a hundred is always satisfying as the team wants me to do well. And every batsman wants to go out there and score runs.
“Players don't play for the numbers. Players go out to score runs. I am no different.”
Tendulkar warned Bangladesh that batting may not be easy over the last two days.
“The ball sometimes keeps low and the bounce also varies. As time goes on, the ball will not come on well on the bat,” he said.”
India resumed on their overnight score of 295-3, with Tendulkar on 80 and Ganguly on 82, after the umpires finally called play at 4:30 pm (1030 GMT).
Scoreboard
INDIA (1st Innings, overnight 295-3):
Wasim Jaffer b Mashrafe 0
K.D. Karthik c Ashraful b Mashrafe 56
R. Dravid c Mashud b Shahadat 61
S.R. Tendulkar c Ashraful b Shahadat 101
S.C. Ganguly c Rafique b Mashrafe 100
M.S. Dhoni not out 36
R.R. Powar b Rafique 7
A. Kumble not out 1
EXTRAS (B-2, LB-8, W-2, NB-10) 22
TOTAL (for six wkts, 97 overs) 384
FALL OF WKTS: 1-0, 2-124, 3-132, 4-321, 5-366, 6-381.
TO BAT: Zaheer Khan, R.P. Singh, V.R.V. Singh.
BOWLING (to-date): Mashrafe Mortaza 24-5-95-3 (4nb, 1w); Shahadat Hossain 17-1-75-2 (2nb, 1w); Mohammad Rafique 24-3-99-1; Enamul Haque Jr 15-0-59-0 (4nb); Saqibul Hasan 13-2-29-0; Mohammad Ashraful 1-0-5-0; Rajin Saleh 3-1-12-0.
BANGLADESH: Javed Omar, Shahriar Nafees, Habibul Bashar, Saqibul Hasan, Mohammad Ashraful, Rajin Saleh, Khaled Mashud, Mashrafe Mortaza, Mohammad Rafique, Enamul Haque Jr, Shahadat Hossain.—AFP