NICOSIA: An international convention targeting the illicit trade in cultural artefacts took effect on Friday, a move to curb what is regarded as a major source of funding to militant groups in conflict zones.

Armenia, Cyprus, Greece, Portugal and San Marino as well as Mexico became the first countries on Friday to sign the convention drafted by the Strasbourg-based Council of Europe during a meeting in Nicosia.

The convention is designed to “codify” and standardise criminal law against the excavation, importation and exportation, acquisition and placing of artefacts on the market.

“This is the first convention for the protection of cultural heritage in the world which deals with criminal offences against cultural property — from destruction to the theft and aiding and abetting by selling artefacts, thus financing terrorism and encouraging this to take place,” Cypriot Foreign Minister Ioannis Kasoulides told Reuters Television.

“If there are no buyers, there are no looters,” he said.

By bringing national legislations up to the same standards, the treaty aims to close existing loopholes and enable much more effective cross-border cooperation in investigating, prosecuting and sentencing persons suspected of the offences listed in the convention, according to the Council of Europe.

“It will harmonise legislation of member states thus making it easier for police forces to cooperate,” said Thorbjorn Jagland, secretary-general of the council.

The council says the issue has taken on extra urgency because of wars in Syria and Iraq, the cradle of some of the world’s most treasured cultures. Some estimates, Kasoulides said, suggested groups like IS had earned about $150 million from selling off antiquities.

Cyprus, ethnically split in a Turkish invasion after a brief Greek-inspired coup in 1974, has often resorted to legal action to recoup stolen artefacts smuggled out after the conflict by art dealers.

In one case, Cypriot officials spent weeks in US courts trying to reclaim priceless icons and mosaics dating from the sixth century that had been hacked off walls by smugglers and made their way through Europe to the United States. Some of those recovered now hang on walls at a museum in the capital Nicosia.

Published in Dawn, May 20th, 2017