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Byteback
With reference to the letter of Talha Munir published as “Incorrect Fact” (July 3 issue) he has mentioned that in the cover story “DNA Chips: deciphering the programmed genomes” (June 19 issue) it was wrongly stated that human genome contains 24 chromosomes and he himself suggests that it is a big blunder because a human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes or 46 chromosomes.
In saying that he is lacking a very basic concept. He hasn’t thoroughly gone through the lines and the context of discussion. I clearly mentioned that genome is the total genetic information of an organism. Now we’ll have to see among these 46 chromosomes how many contain genetic information, that is, separate sequence. From elementary biology he knows that there are 46 chromosomes in a human cell and these exist in pairs, that is, 23 pairs. Among these 23 pairs, 22 autosomal pairs contain exactly identical members, that is, in the pair both are exact copies of each other, so genetic information is contained only in 22 chromosomes. The remaining one pair is of sex chromosomes and they are always different (whether XX or XY) and both contain different genetic information. Now if we add we get total 24 different (22 different autosomal + 2 different sex) chromosomes. 46 chromosomes is just a number, which is part of karyotype of an organism.
When we talk about genome (the context of my article), we always talk about distinct DNA molecules (chromosomes) with distinct sequence. For his kind information, the sequence of human genome published by Human Genome Project contains coding sequences of 24 chromosomes. And at the end, there’s a simple question, if the writer chances to sequence his own genome, would he bother to sequence the identical chromosomes? Most of our medical science graduates, who particularly lack critical molecular approach to biological processes, must clear out this confusion.
Assorted problems
1. I want to create a personal web page. Can you tell me the names of some free web hosting service providers. Also, is there any software which makes it possible to upload pictures, songs and other files easily?
2. Where can I download a free image editing software from?
3. When I try to install Maya 5.0, the process fails to recognize the serial key number which I downloaded a serial key from a website. What should I do to make it work?
Adnan Sikander Katper
Larkana
Editor’s reply: You can try hosting services such as
For FTP (File Transfer Program) utility try CuteFTP or BulletProof FTP, which can be downloaded from
2. You will find a number of free editing programs from any online software library such as
3. You will have to buy a CD for this program which has authorized serial code.
Online libraries
Imdad Ullah
Editor’s reply: Internet might be a great resource, but not everything available here is for free. At times it is not easy to find what you are specifically looking for. You have to search deep in order to get exact or information close to. Use specific keywords on internet engines such as Google, Yahoo!, MSN, AskJeeves, etc. However, for the subjects you interested in, these links might help: The WWW Virtual Library: International Affairs Resources
.edu/vl>, the Library of Congress
Mail auto-reply
Mohammad Irfan
Lahore
Editor’s reply: If you want to set it up for your home PC or for your home-based office PC, which is always online, you can manually create an out-of-office message rule in Outlook Express as it doesn’t have this as a built-in features. Here are the steps on the process: Start Outlook Express, click File, New, and then click Mail Message. Type the message that you want to use as an out of office message, click File, and then click Save As. Enter a name for the mail message in the File name box, select the folder that you want to save the mail message in, and then click Save. Close the message and proceed to the steps to create the out of office rule.
To create out-of-the-office rule, follow these directions:
On the Tools menu, point to Message Rules, and then click Mail. Click New. In the Select the Conditions for your rule dialog box, click to select the For All Messages check box. In the Select the Actions for your rule dialog box, click to select the Reply with Message check box. In the Rule Description dialog box, click Message.
In the Open dialog box, locate the file that you named in the “How to Create an Out of Office Message” section, click the file, and then click Open. In the Name of the Rule dialog box, name the rule, and then click OK. Click OK to close the Message Rules dialog box.
This usually works well for “always on” connection, such as a cable modem, DSL or corporate network.
You will also need to have your computer on and the e-mail program opened and set to automatically check for messages at a regular interval. If you work in a corporate environment where you have centralized email system, you should consult with your network administrator before you activate anything of this nature.
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