Engels’ claim that each lower form of motion changes to a higher form by a leap is self-contradictory when compared with his discovery that a higher form of motion does not come down to a lower form
THE law that each higher life stage intellectually and consciously lives outside all the preceding life stages establishes that the universe is a living universe which consists of successive life orders. Accordingly, when the higher life order reflects upon the lower order/s, they remain estranged to it, as relative to its conscious enlightenment the lower life orders being living at infinitely low conscious level remain ignorant of the existence of higher orders over them.
The Earth, which lives as a semi-organic life stage, is not aware of the vegetable, animal and human life stages living over it, while each of the respective higher life stage relative to its intellectual or conscious enlightenment deems the Earth as a dead external world living with its immutably fixed behaviour.
The following facts explain the relative relationship between the higher and the preceding lower life orders: a- Because of infinite intellectual and conscious gulf existing between the lower and the higher life order, they remain estranged as they cannot directly communicate with each other; b- The behaviour of the preceding life stage simultaneously on appearance of the higher life order becomes immutably fixed, hence the higher life order, when reflects on the fixed stereotyped behaviour of the lower life order, relatively deems it as a dead world; c- In a series of life orders which succeeded one upon the other, the intellectual and conscious gulf between the top life order and the elementary life orders, when rationally judged at a cosmic scale, widens to such an extent that the top life order, when reflects upon these stages living with their stereotyped fixed behaviour beneath, deems them as relative dead external world which continues to live mechanically. (Incidentally, the creative process reveals, as can be witnessed from the life orders on the Earth, that as the universe developed, the higher stages continued to descend more rapidly compared to the elementary creative stages which can be determined at cosmological time scales).
These scientific discoveries support that inorganic matter is not dead. As blood runs through the veins of a living organism, so a current of life runs through all matter although it may appear dead to us. It is alive because it has properties on account of which it acts and behaves. It responds to outside situations and stimuli as the animal or the human being does. Its activity follows definite laws, which are studied by physicists and chemists. The activity of the animal and of man also proceeds in accordance with definite principles, which are studied by the behaviourists and the psychologists. Matter is life from another point of view, as there could have been no organic life without matter and its laws. The laws of matter seem to have been designed in order to make possible the development of higher stages of life on Earth. Matter is primitive life and the laws governing it have fixed tendencies developed by it, just as the animal has developed instincts.
Incidentally, the cosmologists claim that under Hubble’s Law the universe is expanding. This claim is, however, not supported by one of the fundamental laws of the creative process which says that with simultaneous succession of higher stage, the values earned by the preceding stage become immutably fixed and the stage continues to maintain them under the procreative process developed by it for serving as a base for the higher stage. It is because if the preceding stage still continues to develop or accept changes or modifications in it, the higher rational stages can neither develop nor stand on it. According to this law, the cosmos’ phase II could succeed only if everything including expansion of space itself had immutably been fixed in the elementary phase I (high energy process) of the cosmos. It is so because if the preceding stage continues to admit changes in it, no higher rational order can succeed on it nor any development is possible.
If we keep this cardinal principle of creation in view, we can understand why the cosmic order, in spite of its so-called expansion, continues to live with its fixed laws at a critical level and does not fall back. On the other hand, if we agree with cosmologists that the universe is expanding, we cannot answer the following questions raised by particle physicists: If the universe is expanding, then why is it so homogeneous and isotropic (the same everywhere). How could a system expand and yet retain the same density? Why does the universe, despite its rather old age, possess such a high mean energy density? How are the density fluctuations created that eventually act as seeds for the function of galaxies and other structures observed in the universe? Where does the enormous heat radiated by the cosmos go in spite of the fact that the temperatures of the universe do not change even by a fraction of degrees Centigrade?
These questions do not support expansion of the universe. These facts indicate that the so-called cosmos expansion is more illusion than reality. Recently, it is reported that most accurate measurements of the universe’s expansion rate by using the Hubble Space Telescope show that the universe may be much younger than scientists previously estimated. It may be no more than 8 billion years old as compared with other calculations ranging up to 20 billion years. Since some stars are reliably estimated to be 16 billion years old, the new findings mean that the universe appears to be younger than some of its own components. Accordingly, some cosmologists think that Einstein’s “cosmological constant” which he ruled out later, may still be holding good. The cosmological problem is far from being settled yet. The universe is a restless living place. The flight of galaxies and expansion at the very periphery or fringe of the cosmos may be a routine oscillatory phenomenon which has recently come to light. The velocity of light, which is the ultimate speed in physics, is finite and so is the universe which is finite. The universe cannot go on expanding indefinitely and yet retain the same density, temperature and uniformity as observed by cosmologists.
The universe exists as a series of successive rational orders. Unless winding up of the universe is intended, the event which in all probability is due, any major change in the cosmic order is apt to destroy the whole universe.
The space does not allow to comment upon the evolutionary theories of Frederick Engels and Charles Darwin. However, in the face of the fundamental laws of the creative theory briefly outlined in these pages, I would like to touch upon very briefly the hypothesis on which these scholars built their evolutionary theories and analyse some of the fundamental points. Engels’ Dialectics of Nature gives a dialectical (logical) materialist generalization of the discoveries made in the natural sciences. He laid his theory of evolution of the universe on the basis of simple and complicated play of motion of matter in the successive order of mechanical, physical, chemical and biological sciences. He regarded mechanical motion as the simplest form of motion, which involved a simple and pure change of place such as motion of heavenly bodies and masses. Physical form of motion is the next higher form of motion, which related to the motion of molecules. The chemical form of motion, which related to the motion of atoms, comes as the next higher form of motion. Lastly, he classified biological form of motion as the most complicated form which involved the motion of organic bodies. Here, we produce a passage from the preface to Engels’ work written by the Institute of Marxism Leninism, which gives the very basis on which Engels developed the theory of evolution of the universe:
“The pivotal idea of Dialectics of Nature is the classification of the forms of motion of matter and accordingly, the classification of the sciences which treat these forms. The mechanical, physical, chemical and biological forms of motion are the main forms dealt with by the natural sciences. Each lower form of motion changes into a higher form by a dialectical leap. Each higher form of motion contains, but does not come down to a lower form as a subordinate element. On the basis of this theory of forms of motion of matter, Engels builds the dialectical materialist classification of the natural sciences, each of which analyses a single form of motion, or a series of forms of motion that belong together and pass into one another.”
With a view to determining validity of Engels’ evolutionary theory, we shall fix our attention to the following fundamental points described in the passage as the main points on which Engels built the theory of evolution of the universe and briefly discuss them under the laws of the creative process as laid in these pages: a- Each lower form of motion changes into a higher form of motion by a dialectical leap; b- Each higher form of motion contains, but does not come down to a lower form as a subordinate element.
At the very outset, let us say that Engels’ claim that each form of motion changed into a higher form by a so-called dialectical leap is highly deceptive. It implies that the same form of motion, without any break, continued to evolve by leaps into a higher complicated form of motion. Engels’ aim behind this plea is to establish that the universe is not a creation as each higher form of motion which succeeded the lower form of motion did not appear as a creative work of God; it appeared mechanically without any direction or purpose behind by automatic change through a mysterious (logical) leap.
Engels’ hypothetical claim that each lower form of motion changes to a higher complicated form of motion by a leap is self-contradictory when compared with his scientific discovery that a higher form of motion contains itself and does not come down to a lower form as a subordinate element. A self-contained form of motion or an established system cannot change on its own to a higher complicated form without breaking its established order. It is unfortunate that Engels misunderstood the creative process of the universe in successive stages as a mechanical evolutionary process.
Engels discovered: a- Each form of motion contains itself as an independent stable form; b- The forms of motion have developed in one direction, from simple to complicated forms; c- Each higher form of motion succeeded over the lower form and by implication dominated all the preceding forms of motion and; d- The higher form does not come down to a lower form as a subordinate element fully conform to the fundamental laws of the creative process as laid in our work. These discoveries further scientifically strengthen the creative theory.
Now a few words about Darwin’s theory. Darwin laid his theory “Origin of Species” under the hypothesis that nature moves slowly and continuously; it does not make leaps. As a matter of fact this very hypothesis was the foundation of his theory. Darwin did not believe in sudden descendent of individual species as it amounted creation of species by God.
As will be seen from the fundamental laws of the creative process briefly outlined in these pages, the universe has not developed continuously, unbroken like a thread stretched from point to point. The infinite diversity of forms and values, which appeared relative to each successive rational order, could not be developed in a continuous evolutionary process by way of developing variations over a long time.
Engels’ claim that each lower form of motion changes to a higher form by a leap is self-contradictory when compared with his discovery that a higher form of motion does not come down to a lower form 
