WASHINGTON: President Barack Obama on Thursday touted progress he said the United States and its allies had made in the military campaign against the militant Islamic State (IS) group, but warned that the militant group still can direct and inspire attacks.

The United States is leading a military coalition conducting air strikes against IS in Iraq and Syria, where the group seized broad swathes of territory in 2014. It has succeeded in breaking IS's grip on some towns, although it still controls its two de facto capitals, Mosul in Iraq and Raqqa in Syria.

The president, criticised for suggesting IS was made up of amateurs, presented a more measured assessment on Thursday.

He said the last two years of the US-led air and ground campaign have proved that the extremist group can be beaten in conventional military fights but that it has shown the ability to carry out damaging, small-scale attacks.

“I am pleased with the progress that we've made on the ground in Iraq and Syria,” Obama told a news conference at the Pentagon after meeting with officials directing the campaign, but added: “We're far from freeing Mosul and Raqqa.”

While the campaign against IS in Iraq, Syria and now Libya is making significant gains, the group is adapting, reverting to high-profile attacks and using the internet to recruit and train, and to encourage “lone wolf” attacks.

“They've seen the degree of attention they can get with smaller-scale attacks using small arms or assault rifles,” Obama said.

“The possibility of either a lone actor or a small cell carrying out an attack that kills people is real.”

The United States must do a better job of disrupting the IS networks that can carry out attacks far from the group's bases in the Middle East, Obama said.

“Those networks are more active in Europe than they are here, but we don't know what we don't know, and so it's conceivable that there are some networks here that could be activated,” he said, while warning against over-reacting to such attacks.

“How we react to this is as important as the efforts we take to destroy ISIL, prevent these networks from penetrating,” he said, using an acronym for the group.

“When societies get scared they can react in ways that undermine the fabric of our society.”

Coordinating with Russia

In Syria, where the United States is exploring options to cooperate with Russia militarily to defeat the IS, Obama said Russia's and Syria's most recent actions have raised doubts about their commitment to a pause in the conflict.

This week, a Syrian rescue service operating in rebel-held territory said a helicopter dropped containers of toxic gas overnight on a town close to where a Russian military helicopter had been shot down hours earlier.

The opposition Syrian National Coalition accused President Bashar al-Assad of being behind the attack. Assad has denied previous accusations of using chemical weapons.

The twin US goals in Syria have been to end the violence that has claimed some 400,000 lives, according to United Nations estimates, and to seek a political process to replace Assad, whom Obama has said “must go.”

Proposals for the United States and Russia to cooperate in Syria would have them share intelligence to coordinate air strikes and prohibit the Syrian air force from attacking rebel groups considered moderate.But US military and intelligence officials have called the plan naive and said US Secretary of State John Kerry risks falling into a trap that Russian President Vladimir Putin has laid to discredit the United States with moderate rebel groups and drive some of their fighters into the arms of the IS and other extremist groups.

“The US remains prepared to work with Russia to try to reduce the violence and strengthen our efforts against ISIL and al Qaeda in Syria, but so far Russia has failed to take the necessary steps,” Obama said, adding that he was not confident Russia or Putin could be trusted.